Background: Hypertriglyceridemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Matricaria chamomilla (Chamomile), a widely used medicinal herb, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-modulating properties. Its specific effects on serum triglyceride levels, however, remain to be systematically evaluated.

Objective: This systematic review aims to comprehensively assess the pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Matricaria chamomilla on serum triglyceride levels across human, animal, and in vitro studies.

Methods: A structured literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to 2025. Studies evaluating Chamomile’s impact on triglyceride levels were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were independently performed by two reviewers using Cochrane Risk of Bias and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale tools. Findings were synthesized qualitatively, and meta-analysis was performed where appropriate.

Results: Ten studies met inclusion criteria, including 4 human clinical trials, 4 animal studies, and 2 in vitro investigations. Chamomile consistently reduced serum triglyceride levels in animal models and showed moderate lipid-lowering effects in humans. Mechanistic evidence indicates its effects are mediated through antioxidant activity, modulation of lipid-metabolizing enzymes, and anti-inflammatory pathways. Reported adverse effects were minimal and mild.

Conclusion: Current evidence supports Matricaria chamomilla as a potential adjunct therapy for hypertriglyceridemia. High-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to establish optimal dosing, treatment duration, and long-term safety.